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   » Wiki: Placeholder Name
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Placeholder names are names used as , i.e., referring to things, places, or people, the names of which or of whom do not actually exist; are temporarily forgotten, or are unimportant; or in order to avoid , or because they are unknowable or unpredictable given the context of their discussion; or to deliberately expunge direct use of the name.

(2020). 9781108490290, Cambridge University Press. .
Placeholder names for people are often terms referring to an average person or a predicted persona of a typical user or for an individual whose name is unknown. Placeholder names serve as a "common language" that provide flexibility and clarity when talking or writing about concepts. Some "will distinguish between placeholders such as thingummy and placeholder names like John Doe".Petra M. Vogel, " Dingsbums and Thingy: Placeholders for Names in German and Other Languages", in Complex Words: Advances in Morphology, Lívia Körtvélyessy and Pavol Štekauer, eds. (Cambridge University Press; 2020), p. 364. In computer programming and printing, placeholder names allow a creator to test or visual the end product.


Issues
Use of "placeholder" names has caused problems in circumstances where the placeholder is not thereafter substituted for a real name when it becomes available. For example, in 2009, the United States Army was forced to issue an apology when letters addressed to "John Doe" were sent to thousands of families of soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan. A 2015 report noted that hospitals using a standard "Babyboy" or "Babygirl" placeholder for the first names of unidentified newborns has led to mix-ups in identification and medication of the infants.


Examples

Companies and organizations
"Ace" and "Acme" were popular in company names as positioning words in alphabetical directories. It has been claimed to be an acronym, either for "A Company Making Everything", "American Companies Make Everything", or "American Company that Manufactures Everything". ("Acme" is a regular English word from the Ancient Greek ἀκμή, akme meaning summit, highest point, extremity or peak, and thus sometimes used for "best".) A well-known example of "Acme" as a placeholder name is the , whose products are often seen in the Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner cartoons.

"" is a placeholder name for a or 's . Although there are franchises that use the name, its use is often to describe a small, local business contrasted against large businesses or . The phrase " Eat at Joe's" is a complementary fictional or hypothetical typical advertisement for such an establishment, and has itself become a in the form of X at Joe's, Eat at Y's, or simply X at Y's. It has also been noted that "a 'Joe's Diner' is an example of a weak name that would likely be unsuccessful suing another Joe's Diner in another state" for trademark infringement.Barry M. Levenson, Habeas Codfish: Reflections on Food and the Law (2001), p. 116. The corresponding expression, "Eat at Joe's", was a frequently used gag in the Warner Bros. and during the 1940s, typically used when an image of a neon sign or other complicated tubing would appear. Singin' in the Rain (1952), t. 1:17:02 Real world examples include Sloppy Joe's, an actual restaurant in Key West, Florida; Joe's Crab Shack, an American seafood restaurant chain that frequently uses the phrase "Eat at Joe's" for their restaurants; and Eskimo Joe's, an actual restaurant in Stillwater, Oklahoma that has also used the phrase.


Computing
Placeholder names are commonly used in .Sewell, Jeanne P. MSN, RN. "Creating a Bibliography With Microsoft Word 2007 and 2008". CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 28 (3):p 134-137, May 2010. Yuetian Mao, Junjie He, and Chunyang Chen. "From Prompts to Templates: A Systematic Prompt Template Analysis for Real-world LLMapps." In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE Companion '25). New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. pp. 75–86. Foo and bar are commonly used as placeholders for , and variable names.

Certain in the format example (such as example.com, example.net, and example.org) are officially reserved as placeholders for the purpose of presentation. The term "test user" is also used as a placeholder name during software tests.


Geographical locations
Anytown, USA, in particular, is one of the many placeholder names used in the American vernacular to describe a stereotypical small American town.
(2026). 9780415259378 .

is used in for a hypothetical small town regarded as typically dull or insignificant, a place in the U.S. that is unlikely to have been heard of. Another example is East Cupcake to refer to a generic small town in the Midwestern United States.

In New Zealand English, (or, alternatively, Wop-wops) is a (generally humorous) name for an out-of-the-way location, usually rural and sparsely populated. The similar Australian English Woop Woop, (or, less frequently, Woop Woops) can refer to any remote location, or outback town or district. Another New Zealand English term with a similar use is ("Why kick a moo-cow"), a generic name for a small rural town. McCloy, Nicola (2006). Whykickamoocow: Curious New Zealand Place Names. New Zealand: Random House. .


Legal
, Whiteacre, Greenacre, Brownacre, and variations are the placeholder names used for fictitious estates in land. The names are used by professors of in jurisdictions, particularly in the area of and occasionally in , to discuss the rights of various parties to a piece of land. Where more than one estate is needed to demonstrate a pointperhaps relating to a dispute over boundaries, or second estate will usually be called Whiteacre, Black’s Law Dictionary, “blackacre” a third, Greenacre, and a fourth, Brownacre.

is used by authorities to identify unknown suspects, the name being an acronym for First Name Unknown, Last Name Unknown. If a person's first name is known but not the last, or vice versa, they may be called real Lnu or Fnu real, and an unidentified person may be Fnu Lnu. For example, a former interpreter for the was charged as "FNU LNU", and a man whose identity could not be determined was arrested and charged with burglary in Harris County, Texas under the name "FNU-LNU" (charges were later dropped because authorities could not communicate with the man). Fnu-Lnu conjunctions may also be used if the person has only a single name, as in . The name has been considered a source of humor when Fnu Lnu has been mistaken for the actual name of a person.

(2026). 9780762410637, Running Press. .

X ben X (, or سين بن سين) is used in by health and judicial authorities in cases where an individual's identity cannot be determined. These cases include amnesiacs, suspects, hospital patients, and homeless people. In 2009, 80,000 abandoned orphans had the placeholder name of X ben X and 100 unidentified bodies are buried each year in Morocco under this status.


Publishing and writing
Placeholder names are used in writing, publishing, and where there are gaps in the text, document, or data set for an unknown name. The correct name is usually added once the information is known.


Science
In chemistry, tentative or hypothetical elements are assigned provisional names until their existence is confirmed by . Historically, this placeholder name would follow Mendeleev's nomenclature; since the Transfermium wars, however, the consensus has been to assign a systematic element name based on the element's atomic number.

Element names from the are used in some hospitals as a placeholder for patient names, ex. Francium Male. Hospitals also use placeholder names for newborn babies.


Sports
Placeholder identities are often used across multiple sports for a variety of reasons, usually involving an ongoing branding process. Examples include the National Hockey League's Utah Hockey Club, who played their inaugural season under the moniker while developing their permanent identity (ultimately the ); the National Football League's Washington Football Team, who played two seasons with the name after switching away from Redskins due to the longstanding name controversy, and before unveiling the Commanders brand; and the minor-league Pacific Coast League's Oklahoma City Baseball Club, who played one season with the identity after dropping the major-league-affiliate Dodgers name in favor of developing a more unique brand (ultimately the Comets).


See also

  • Espy, W., An Almanac of Words at Play (Clarkson Potter, 1979)
  • Flexner, S. B. and Wentworth, H., A Dictionary of American Slang; (Macmillan, 1960)
  • Watson, Ian, "Meet John Doe: stand-ins", section 3.7 in IanWatson.org, Cognitive Design, (Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University, 2005).

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